![]() In the proposed methods, when using an SFS to express the performance of an alternative for a criterion, this SFS per se can be viewed as a measure of proximity to the aspired level. To overcome these deficiencies and increase the robustness of these two methods, they are implemented without utilizing any reference points to minimize the effect of defuzzification and without measuring the distance to eliminate the effect of distance formulas. Secondly, the distance between reference points might not be the largest, as known, among the available ratings. Firstly, the reference points might change with the utilized score function. When implementing these techniques using SFSs, two main problems might arise that can lead to incorrect results. This study proposes a new perspective of the TOPSIS and VIKOR methods using the recently introduced spherical fuzzy sets (SFSs) to handle the vagueness in subjective data and the uncertainties in objective data simultaneously. ![]()
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